Equipment Update

After many months of deliberation, I finally have a formal equipment list for the upcoming vintage:

Primary Fermentation: fermentation will take place in 1/2-ton poly bins. As I indicated in a previous post, these bins will serve both as picking bins on the day of harvest and as primary fermenters. The 1.5 tons of grapes will be divided equally into these three bins in order to experiment with different maceration techniques: 1) cold-soaking, 2) extended maceration, and 3) no maceration. Cold-soaking is basically allowing the juice to "soak" with the skins and seeds prior to fermentation. The grapes are crushed, dumped into the bins, and dry ice is added in order to bring down the temperature to between 45-50 degrees (to prevent spoilage and wild yeasts from going postal). The must is then allowed to sit for 1-2 days, extracting important elements from the skins that affect color and taste. Once I get the extraction I want, the dry ice additions are stopped and the temperature is allowed to return to normal. The must is then inoculated with yeast and the magic begins.

The process is essentially the same for extended maceration. However, instead of allowing the juice and skins to soak prior to fermentation, extended maceration accomplishes the same objective but on the other side of fermentation at room temperature, sometimes lasting up to four weeks. Once fermentation is complete, we place the lid on the bin, wrap the top of the bin with food-grade plastic, and gas the headspace with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. We need to create an air-tight environment in order to keep potential spoilage at bay. The lid, wrap, and inert gas will accomplish this. Each day, the cap will be punched down and the must tested until we get the extraction we want. Winemakers are somewhat divided as to the effectiveness of these techniques. There is a substantial amount of research data supporting each technique and nearly all commercial wineries employ one (or both) of these methods.

I have also purchased an 80-gallon stainless steel variable capacity tank for storage, bottling, and rack-and-return operations. Originally, I was going to ferment in the 160-gallon version of this tank but couldn't justify the cost. While poly bins are widely used by commercial wineries and more than adequate for producing great wine, the stainless tanks are definately more convenient.

Yeast: Lallemand ICV-D21. I decided to go with all commercial-grade yeast, nutrients, and malolactic cultures - I need all the help I can get! I didn't originally know this but the yeast themselves play an important role in the quality and taste of the final product.

Yeast Nutrients and Derivatives: Go-Ferm, Fermaid-K, Opti-Red. These components will help to insure a healthy and stable fermentation.

MLF and Nutrients: MBR-VP41, Optimalo Plus ML, Malostart. Almost all of the great commercial red wines will go through MLF or some kind. Again, it's not technically a fermentation but rather a malic-to-lactic acid conversion by induced by lactic bateria. The effect is a softer and more integrated wine. You read more about it here.

Ezymes: Scottzyme Color Pro. Added at crush or during pump-over operations, this liquid enzyme will assist extraction by breaking down the cell walls of the grapes. Like yeasts, enzymes can play a major role in quality and taste.

Tannins: Verasupra NS fermentation tannins to help with extraction and color. Like the enzymes, these are added to the must prior to fermentation.

Testing Equipment: mostly Accu-Vin test kits. These self-contained kits test a broad spectrum of important elements: pH, total acidity, malic/lactic acid, residual sugar, SO2, etc.

Cooperage: Three varieties of 100% new 225L (59 gallon) American oak from Nadalie. See my previous post for details.

Racking Equipment: I really wanted a gas racking system but could not justify the expense for such as small vintage. Instead, I've decided to go with a manual system that includes a 29 GPM (gallons per minute) food-grade pump and stainless racking tubes and accessories.

Crusher/Destemmer: ENO-15-S. I also purchased a tall stand so that we could fill a 40-gallon transfer bin.

Press: RP55 ratchet press. It will press about 45-50 gallons at a time.

More to come...